Thesis Topics in Electrical Engineering

It is electrical engineering that deals with the application of electricity and electronics and, as a result, defines the skyline of a multitude of cities around the world. That is why there are plenty of interesting projects that could be realized and, a multitude of engaging ideas for thesis topics in electrical engineering. The field offers different areas to cover depending on one’s specialization and interests. However, it is worth to remember that good thesis topics in electrical engineering have to be precise, fresh, and captivating. Wireless charging provides a safe and convenient way to power electrical devices. Its significant advantage over the traditional methods of charging lies in the removal of cables or other physical connectors. The process of wireless charging is based on the magnetic resonance principle, which allows for a safe power transmission from a source to a device. The elimination of the physical connection that is required for charging has many benefits for every device, industry, and application. For instance, it allows any device to be moved while continuing to be charged. Moreover, eventually, users will be able to manage the distribution of power in their homes. Such advancement would allow them to monitor and coordinate how every home appliance is charged, which will increase the flexibility and accessibility of power. The office production and efficiency will also benefit from the technology as workspaces can be reconfigured in order to increase interconnectedness between devices. It will also help to improve the vehicle transportation safety as it will provide a more reliable power transmitting to key areas of the car. Moreover, wireless charging will eliminate the need for outlets, which will increase the convenience of traveling abroad as there will be no need to accommodate to different standards. In addition, wireless charging will reduce the costs necessary for the mechanical connectors maintenance, allow to safely power those devices that need to remain hermetically sealed or sterile, as well as eliminate the problem of debris in the wired contacts. The use of wireless charging in the medical domain will also bring significant advantages. First of all, modern medical procedures require the high quality of medical equipment. For that reason, the use of wireless charging will allow keeping the equipment sterile in the environment where the conventional connectors are the source of contamination and physical hazard. Nowadays, the technology already has numerous applications. For instance, there are many smart phone manufacturers who offer wireless charging. The present technology allows to charge a single device safely and consistently, provided it remains on a charging pad. The technology will certainly become more convenient and, as a result, widespread with further advancements. In particular, the development of resonant capabilities will make wireless charging more appealing to the consumer and the integration of transmitters into benches and tables will make charging as easy a process as ever. Conclusion All in all, the technology of wireless charging enables safe, reliable, and continuous transmitting of power to charge a variety of devices, from smart phones to high-end equipment. It has plenty of benefits over the traditional charging methods, such as convenience and more efficient use of power. However, it remains to be seen if it will ever become the general way of charging.

The Fall Of The Roman Empire - 1440 Words

Sophie Loren Plays a Leading Role in the Fall of the Roman Empire? The reason for the fall of the Roman Empire is a controversial topic under much historical debate. How did such a great empire, known for being one of the largest that lasted over a millennium, fall? The Roman Empire transitioned from a republic to an empire in 31 BCE. Augustus Caesar was the first emperor. He created harmony in Rome, but not in calendars as he added August as the eighth month to follow July, which was named after Julius Caesar. Apparently, being the first emperor of the powerful Roman Empire was not enough. Many things were not enough for the Romans. It was their strive for power and land that they were able to build up their legendary empire, but it would also be one of their greatest downfalls. The Roman Empire was at its acme in 117 CE. It stretched from the Atlantic Ocean to the Euphrates River in the Middle East, but like the stock market, it crashed or fell. The empire would grow too vast to be ruled by solely the central government of Rome, so in 285 CE Emperor Diocletian divided the empire into a Western and an Eastern Empire. Each empire would have its own leaders. When speaking of the Fall of Rome, many only account the Western Empire. Some historians believe that this split alone was what caused Rome to fall. However, others believe that there are multiple factors that caused the fall of the Roman Empire. In fact, most classicists, those who study ancient Greek and Latin,Show MoreRelatedFall of the Roman Empire1288 Words   |  6 PagesThe Pax Romana was a two hundred year time period where the Romans had peace and prosperity under Augustus. The Roman empire started to decline at the end of the prevail of the last five emperors, Marcus Aurelius in 161-180 A.D. The rulers in the next century had no idea how to deal with the problems the empire was having. There was many reasons to the fall of the Roman Empire but three stood out the most. The preliminary reason was the economy begins to decline. The alternative reasoning was RomeRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1537 Words   |  7 PagesAncient Rome was an empire so dominant, wealthy and economically- stable which came to a dramatic fall in the period of 250AD- 500AD. Ancient Rome faced unexplained unfortunate events which crumbled the Great Empire from the affluent empire to a impoverished society. For centuries historians have timelessly theorised and analysed many debates and research in relation to the Fall of the Roman Empire. What really caused the predominate Roman Empire to fall? Did Rome fall naturally? Was disease, suchRead MoreFall of the Roman Empire758 Words   |  4 PagesTaylor Davino Professor Horsley HIS 126 3 March 2010 The fall of the Roman Empire Political, economic and social aspects were all involved in the fall of the Roman Empire. In 395 A.D., Rome was divided into two empires, with one capital in Rome and the other in Constantinople. During that time, the western Roman Empire was being invaded by barbarian tribes from the North. In 410, the Visigoth tribe succeeded in conquering the western capital in Rome. In 476, the western EmperorRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1419 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire was a powerful governing body of extensive political and social structures throughout western civilization. How did this empire fall and were internal factories responsible? Slow occurrences in succession to one another led to the fall of the empire rather than one single event. The fall of the Roman Empire was a combination of both internal and external pressures, not just one, leading up to the complete decay of the cities—Rome and Constantinople. However, one could argue how oneRead MoreThe Fall Of Ro man Empire1185 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of Roman Empire Roman Empire was considered as one of the most influential and dominant Empire in the history that has ever existed. â€Å"The Roman Empire at its zenith in the period of the Principate (roughly, 27 BC to AD 235) covered vast tracts of three continents, Europe, Africa, and Asia† (Garnsey). It was an ancient, modern Empire, and it supported anyone who made discoveries and technological improvements. The Empire was the strongest governing body in the Mediterranean. If the RomanRead MoreFall of Roman Empire1175 Words   |  5 PagesThe Fall of the Roman Empire The Ancient Roman empire was one of the most prominent and successful societies of its time period. By the end of their reign, the Romans had conquered almost all of the Mediterranean including parts of present day Europe, Asia, and Africa. Rome was at its strongest during the rule of Augustus Caesar, this time was known as the â€Å"Pax Romana† or Roman peace. It wasn’t until later, when Emperor Trajan took over in about 98 C.E. that the Empire reached its peak. AfterRead MoreThe Fall of the Roman Empire609 Words   |  3 PagesThe Fall of the Roman Empire There are adherents to single factors, but more people think Rome fell because of a combination of such factors as Christianity, and economy, and military problems. Even the rise of Islam is proposed as the reason for Romes fall, by some who think the Fall of Rome happened at Constantinople in the 15th Century. Most people think it occurred during the fifth century, after the western division of the empire. There were several reasons for the fall of the Roman EmpireRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1438 Words   |  6 PagesThe Roman Empire was one of the most powerful empires in the history of mankind. In 476 CE Odoacer defeated Romulus Augustus to capture Rome; most historians agree that this was the official end of the Western Roman Empire. There is much debate on how exactly Rome declined and eventually fell. The fall of Rome was a long process that took place over many centuries. There are five main schools of thought on why Rome fell. First, Christianity, offered by Edward Gibbons; He suggests that ChristianityRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1495 Words   |  6 PagesFor a long period of time, the debate about the cause of the fall of the Roman Empire has been a popular topic amongst historians. Most of these historians look at the issue from a standpoint that accepts that there were most likely several causes. The main root of the issue is whether or not these causes were internal or external. Some historians even go more in depth and try to hypothesize what the internal or external causes were. In fact, Adrian Goldsworthy and Peter Heather do just this whenRead MoreThe Fall Of The Roman Empire1430 Words   |  6 Pages While the fall of the Roman Empire is well known, the exact causes of why it fell can be difficult to pinpoint. Many historians believe that Rome s downfall was due to poor leadership, weakened economics, or perhaps a combination of the two along with other seemingly unrelated factors. However, there is a string of evidence suggesting that there were three main components that took place to bring about the fall of the Roman Empire. These determinant attributes did not happen all at once, and there

Tony Kushner Angels In America Essay Example For Students

Tony Kushner: Angels In America Essay Explore how any playwright of the time has successfully dramatised a social issue. Contemporary theatre has stepped further and further away from the sugar-coated happy society plays and musicals that once dominated Broadway and the West End. Now, harsher more realistic stories with issues facing todays society and politics are shocking that conventional-type of theatre. ?Shock is a part of art. Art thats polite is not much fun? (Kushner:Bernstein). One of these stories that have made this kind of impact on modern drama and theatre is Tony Kushners ?Angels in America.? Described as ?the best American play in forty years,? this two part play (?Millennium Approaches? and ?Perestroika?) gives to life a variety of different issues facing not just the American society it is set in but the modern world as well (Lucas). With the main story line dealing with gays, politics, and AIDS in the 1980s, with this ?A Gay Fantasia on National Themes Kushner has successfully explored these issues in further detail ultimately ?nudging Broadway into the 21st century? (Winship). The gay revolution took place in America in the 1980s which, consequently, is the setting for ?Angels in America?. The strong economy gave many of ?Reagans children? power and courage to be more open with their sexuality (Part One: Act II, scene vii). People were ?coming out, so to speak, more than in previous decades. With five out of eight of the main characters in the play being gay males, and half of those in high power positions (i.e. law), the setting and political information discussed support the truth that Kushner writes about the gay community. ?Good politics will produce good aesthetics, really good politics will produce really good aesthetics, and really good aesthetics, if somebodys really asking the hard questions and answering them honestly, theyll probably produce truth? (Kushner:Bernstein). There is truth at the most basic of levels when, Joe, chief clerk for a Federal Court of Appeals judge, admits that he is homosexual (Part One: Act II, scene viii). Also truth to the most extreme, a consequence leading to death for many homosexuals: HIV and the AIDS virus, involving Roy the successful lawyer/power broker (Part Two: Act IV, scene viiii). ?Angels in America? is not just a ?gay play, but a play about American politics as well. The appearance of politics, not to mention homosexuality and AIDS, are issues resisted by most critics and audiences. Despite the odds, the subjects have proved successful to Kushner. The political element in this play is one that is a key in the story line and something not seen in many plays before this time. ?Is it that Americans dont like politics, or is it that so much theatre that is political isnt well done (Kushner:Bernstein) It is mentioned in detail and is even non-fictional, as mentioned in Kushners disclaimer for ?Perestroika?. This type of detail given at an aesthetic approach essentially gives the audience a life-like story and the characters that life to portray. The change the Reagan era caused in politics and the country is expressed by these characters as a part of that society. For example, Joe, representing the optimistic opinion, discusses with Harper the positive change that the Reagan administration has given to the country:?For the good. Change for the good. America has rediscovereditself. Its sacred position among nations. And people arent ashamedof that like they used to beThe truth restored. Law restored. Thats what President Reagans done.We become better. Moregood? (Part One: Act One, scene v). As Belize, representing the more pessimistic opinion, discusses to Louis of his hate of America under Reagan:?Well I hate America, Louis. I hate this country. Its just big ideas,and stories, and people dying, and people like youI live in America,Louis, thats hard enough. I dont have to love it? (Part Two: Act IV, scene iii). The varying opinions, openly discussed by these characters, represent the same doubts and hopes of that American society. ?I think that a characters politics have to live in the same sort of relationship to the characters psyche that peoples politics live in relationship to their own psyches? (Kushner:Bernstein). Just the detailed political statements that the characters give in relation to society are enough to leave the audience thinking and questioning that power-hungry society of the 1980s. Yet, Kushner gives this a further twist by making the audience really test their political views. As they may be able to associate with these conservative political views, will they still be able to agree with that same character and their view on alternative sexuality? This is another part of Kushners penetrating conception of ?Angels in America?, testing the conventional politics to the new political issues of the 1980s: homosexuals. Is Feminism Really A Theme In Ibsens, A Dolls House? EssayThe graphic details Kushner describes about living and dying with the disease give both the audience a view of a horrifying disease and a hope for the future. His writing in this element is not pessimistic, as it could easy be, but instead very hopeful through the death scenes to the end of the play:PRIOR: ? Im almost done. The fountains not flowing now but in the summer its a sight to see. I want to be around to seeit. I plan to be. I hope to beThis disease will be the end of many of us, but not nearly all, and the dead will becommemorated and will struggle on with the living, and we are not going away. We wont die secret deaths anymoreWewill be citizens. The time has come? (Part Two: Epilogue). The most potent command on how to look on the AIDS Epidemic is written metaphorically in Kushners character Aleksii, the worlds oldest living Bolshevik:?If the snake sheds his skin before a new skin is ready, naked hewill be in the world, prey to the forces of chaos. Without hisskin he will be dismantled, lose coherence and die. Have you,my little serpents, a new skin (Part Two: Act I, scene i). Kushners research shows and gives such a clear view of this disease and its effect on society. Though he is hopeful throughout some of the play about AIDS, he does not make any scene dealing with the virus pleasant to imagine but real and horrible as it is. The world of today is not of free and easy going lifestyles as in previous generations, and the theatre of the period reflects that. This ?epic for our epoch? brought to the stage the realism of the political world, the gay community, and the AIDS virus (Kelly). These social elements were successfully faced head-on by Kushner and transferred just as successfully to the stage. ?Angels in America? is a play that searches into that new and frightening aspect of modern life and has the ?transforming power of imagination to turn devastation into beauty? (Lahr). Audiences and readers of the future may see these plays as dated, but they were monumental at the time and still are even today some 13 years past the setting. The subject and the courage to bring these issues to the stage were one of sheer amazement. The imagination used has no parallel that television or movies can or could ever present. The poetic vision along with the concrete images and controversial issues make ?Angels in Ame rica? a masterpiece and Kushner an artist. Works CitedAngels In America Part One: Millennium Approaches. Tony Kushner. Royal National Theatre and Nick Hern Books, London. 1992. Angels In America Part Two: Perestroika. Tony Kushner. Royal National Theatre and Nick Hern Books, London. 1992. ?Tony Kushner: The award-winning author of ?Angels in America advises you to trust neither art nor artists.? Tony Kushner:Andrea Bernstein. Mother Jones, http://www.mojones.com. ?Reviews of ?Angels in America: Millennium Approaches and Perestroika?Kelly, Kevin. The Boston GlobeLahr, John. The New YorkerLucas, Graig. Winship, Fredrick M. United Press International. Tony Kushner Offical Web Site, www.irsociety.com/kushner.htmlTheater

Killing Chickens free essay sample

Betrayal and loneliness are two of the hardest emotions to encounter in life. Nevertheless, at some point everyone will experience and be forced to deal with them. This is made even harder when they are caused by someone you love and trust. In Meredith Hall’s â€Å"Killing Chickens†, she uses various literary devices such as metaphor, simile, and imagery as she processes her husband’s affair and describes having to kill chickens. Hall’s literary nonfiction is based on the happenings of a specific day that was truly hard to handle after being deceived by ones she loved: I was killing chickens. It was my 38th birthday. My brother had chosen that morning to tell me that he had caught his wife – my best friend, Ashley – in bed with my husband a year before. I had absorbed the rumors with suspicions about other women for 10 years, but this one, I knew, was going to break us. We will write a custom essay sample on Killing Chickens or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page When I roared upstairs and confronted John, he told me to go fuck myself, ran downstairs and jumped into the truck. Our sons, Sam and Ben, were making a surprise for me at the table; they stood behind me silently in the kitchen door while John gunned the truck out of the yard (5). This passage helps us understand the present situation in Hall’s life. She found out that her husband is cheating on her and does not show any signs of regret or remorse. In addition, her brother had known for a year and had chosen her birthday to tell her that he found her husband cheating. Lastly, her best friend was whom her husband was cheating with. In these few sentences, the betrayal she feels is made clear. She also explains the reason for having to do such a horrific task that her husband would usually do. Throughout â€Å"Killing Chickens† Hall identifies her children, her husband, and the chickens. One quote the author uses is â€Å"It’s all right. Everything is going to be all right. Shh, Silly, shh (7). † The way she is consoling the chickens right before she is about to kill them is the same way she is reassuring her children that everything will be all right: â€Å"’I’m coming in,’ I called in a false singsong voice from the kitchen door. ‘Better hide my surprise. ’† Just as Hall identifies the chickens and her children, she explains, â€Å"I turned her on her floppy neck again and again. Corkscrewing her breathing tube, struggling to end the gasping. † Just as Hall is making many attempts to kill the chicken, she is unable to do it until it finally gives in. This is the same way her husband has been treating her for the past ten years with all the rumors and suspicions until finally she reached a breaking point. The author uses a number of different literary devices to describe the hardship she feels such as metaphor, simile, and imagery. The author revels that her life and the chickens are not very different. â€Å"I felt her body break deep inside my own chest† (6). The way the chicken has to be killed after being loved for so long is the same way Hall feels about being with her husband for so long and then having him cheat on her and leave her. â€Å"Guilt and fear tugged me like an undertow† (7). The chickens are being killed by the one that loved them and in the same way; Hall is killed by the one she loved: her husband. The author uses a numerous number of vivid imagery to describe the struggle she is going through with her husband leaving and her having to kill the chickens. â€Å"Her shiny black beak opened and closed, opened and closed† (5). The rumors and suspicions that the author’s husband was cheating on her would come and go, until it reached a breaking point with her best friend Ashley. â€Å"I tucked her wings tight against her heaving body, couched over her, and covered her flailing head with my glove hand. Holding her neck hard against the chicken coop, I took a breath, set something deep and hard inside my heart and twisted her head† (5). Symbolizes Hall’s husband as he secretly has affairs with other women while his wife does not know, and then her brother tells her of the crushing news that her husband was with her best friend. As the nonfiction progresses, it is clear that the author is starting to let the realization of what has really happened set in and see that she is going to overcome this bump in her life. â€Å"I wanted to call someone, to call my mother or my sister. Yesterday I would have called Ashley†¦Instead I brought in three loads of wood and put them in the box John had left empty† (7). ‘Know what? †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ I said. ‘Know what I want to do? Let us just stay here and have our own little party. Just us†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (7). You can tell that she is not going to let anything stop her and that she is going to continue to do the chores and keep taking care of her children no matter what. As the excerpt ends, you can start to visualize the author has overcome her tragedy. â€Å"Tomorrow morning, I thought I have to run over the garden and go to the dump. Tomorrow morning, I have to call a lawyer. I have to figure out what to say to Sam and Benjamin. I have to put Ben’s sculpture on the mantel and put some main in Sam’s holder on the desk. I have to clean out the coop and spread fresh shavings† (8). Hall is not going to let her husband slow her down and she expresses that clearly in the last paragraph. Hall’s literary nonfiction teaches the readers the lesson that no matter how hard life can get, there is always something to keep you going. In the story, the author takes us through a firsthand look of how she was able to overcome betrayal and loneliness and move on with her life with what is most important to her: her children.

Presidential Debates The Influence on Voters

Presidential Debates The Influence on Voters Introduction September 26, 1960 marked the beginning of televised presidential debates in the history of general elections in the United States of America. The constants in the 1960 debate, which occurred in Chicago, were Richard Nixon and John Kennedy. Analysts believe that it was an evenly matched debate. Additionally, most analysts believe that Nixon could have won if the date was aired only on radio. However, the television audience was inspired by Kennedy’s charm and personality, thereby considering him the winner.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Presidential Debates: The Influence on Voters specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Political scientists believe that Kennedy won the 1960 election mainly because of his outstanding performance during the debate (Dorning). This perspective illustrates the importance of televised presidential debates. In particular, the debates enable voters to see the preside ntial aspirants in a real world setting. This involves evaluating how candidates answer questions without scripts, as well as, their actions and reactions in public. These evaluations usually influence voting pattern and voters’ perception of the candidates. It is against this backdrop that this paper examines the influence of televised debates on presidential elections (voters). It will also examine the effect of social media and instant feedback on presidential debates. Informing the Public The United States is a large country in terms of its geographical area and population. Thus, presidential candidates cannot easily traverse the entire country in order to meet voters and to articulate their policies. In this regard, presidential debates give candidates the opportunity to inform the public about their policy stance on various issues that affect the lives of Americans. During the debates, candidates are asked the same questions and given the same amount to time to answer t hem. The importance of this system of debate is that it enables the electorate to compare candidates’ approaches to various issues that affect the country (Campbell 46). In this context, the debates help the public to decide on whom to vote for on the Election Day. Presidential debates also enable the public to understand the personality traits of the candidates. Prior to the debates, most candidates are hardly known to the public in terms of their communication styles and ability to manage their emotions, as well as, their reaction to criticism. However, the debates enable voters to examine the character of their preferred candidate in order to make informed decisions on the Election Day (Kraus 56). The factors that matter to the viewers of the presidential debates include how the candidates present themselves, their appearance, and their ability to connect directly with the audience. This indicates that the debates serve as a mechanism for assessing the character of preside ntial candidates.Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, presidential debates do not always provide enough information about the candidates and their policies. Candidates are usually aware of the public expectation concerning their performance during presidential debates. Consequently, they spend a lot of time and resources to prepare for the debates. This includes rehearsing answers to potential questions and practicing to communicate in a manner that is likely to appeal to the audience (Kraus 79). In this regard, preparations enable candidates to conceal their weaknesses during the debates. Additionally, a candidate is likely to say what he believes will be appealing to the audience rather than what he believes in. In some cases, the debates are stage-managed in order to favor the candidates. For instance, in 1988 the democrats and the republicans secretly sign ed a memorandum of understanding that enabled them to control the debate. Concisely, they colluded to determine the composition of the interviewing panel and the audience, as well as, prohibiting follow-up questions (Brancaccio). The effect of this conspiracy is that the 1988 debate focused on what the candidates wanted to tell the public rather than what the electorate wanted to know. Some scholars believe that presidential debates no longer serve as an important source of information to the public. This is because post-debate analyses tend to produce so much information that usually confuses voters rather than enlightening them (William and Shah 101-117). This problem is exacerbated by the fact that analysts usually give conflicting views concerning the winners and losers in the debates. Moreover, thousands of potential voters hardly watch the debates due to time constraints. Influencing Election Outcome Proponents of presidential debates believe that they are efficient and effect ive campaign tools that can easily change the outcome of an election. This assertion is often defended by the outcome of the 1960 and 2000 elections. In 1960, John â€Å"Kennedy’s average score in the polls was 50.5% one week before the first debate† (Dorning). However, his score improved to 50.6% in the first week after the last debate. This favorable rating is believed to have helped Kennedy to win the election. Similarly, Gore is believed to have lost in 2000 due to his audible sighs and interruptions during the debates. Additionally, his faulty makeup job made the public to doubt his personality.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Presidential Debates: The Influence on Voters specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More However, majority of the elections indicate that presidential debates have little impact on the decisions made by the electorate. For instance, John Kerry still lost the 2004 election des pite winning in three debates (Dorning). Research reveals that the influence of presidential debates on voters stems from issues pertaining to style rather than substance. The audience tends to pay attention to trivial issues such as a candidate’s response to a question that focuses on his private live rather than his reactions to questions on key issues such as taxes. In this regard, a candidate is likely to win the election despite losing in the debates as long as he can clearly articulate his policies in any other forum. The influence of presidential debates tends to be low due to poor timing. Most debates are usually held just a few weeks to the Election Day. The debates occur after the majority of voters have made decisions concerning their preferred candidates. In this regard, most viewers of presidential debates focus on finding the weaknesses of the candidate they do not like and the strengths of their preferred candidate rather than judging them fairly (Kayla). This partly explains why both analysts and viewers give conflict opinions concerning the winners and losers in the debates. Concisely, a person who has decided to vote for a particular candidate is not likely to change his mind, especially, if he doubts the authenticity of the debate’s outcome. Some voters believe that the presidential debates do not facilitate effective and adequate assessment of the leadership skills of the candidates. Proponents of this perspective believe that one’s ability to articulate his policies before a large audience is influenced by several factors that might not be in his control. For instance, poor reactions to questions often occur due to tension and anxiety rather than inadequate preparation or poor communication skills (Scott and Lavine 169-184). Thus, voters tend to give candidates a second chance by voting for them despite their dismal performance in the debates. Role of Instant Feedback In the last three decades, the media emerged as the most important stakeholder in the presidential debates. The analyses of various news channels and the type of TV used by viewers determine the influence of the presidential debates on voters. Debates are usually followed by immediate feedback in terms of instant â€Å"analysis, interpretations, interviews with experts, discussion of instant polls, replaying of highlights, and the commentary of candidates’ spokespeople† (Fridkin, Kenney and Gershon 2-44).Advertising Looking for research paper on government? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More These instant analyses determine the influence of presidential debates on voters in the following ways. First, instant feedback increases the information that is available to voters. The instant analyses help viewers to interpret the messages conveyed by the candidates during the debate. Thus, people who watch the debates and instant analyses are likely to evaluate the candidates based on the available information in order to make the right choice on the Election Day. Second, instant feedback reinforces the persuasion effect of presidential debates. Instant news analyses highlight and contextualize various aspects of the messages presented by the candidates during the debates. Additionally, they analyze the candidates’ rhetoric, gaffes, memorable highlights, and the implications of the debates on the candidates. These analyses influence voters’ perception of the candidates. This can be illustrated by the results of the 2004 presidential debate. In particular, people wh o watched the debate and NBC’s instant feedback rated Bush favorably in nearly all aspects of leadership (Fridkin, Kenney and Gershon 2-44). By contrast, the instant feedback by CNN.com rated President Bush as the worst performer in the debate. The people who watched the debate and its analysis on CNN.com believed that Senator Kerry was the winner. This illustration shows that instant feedback by the media can improve or worsen the influence of presidential debates on voters. However, the effect of instant feedback usually depends on the bias of the analysts. For example, a TV channel is likely to give favorable rating to a candidate it supports even though the candidate might have performed poorly during the debate. This shows that instant feedback or media analyses can play a greater role in influencing potential voters than the actual performance of the candidates during the debate. Finally, presidential debates and media analyses influence voters through the framing effec t. This involves structuring discussions about the debates in a manner that enables people to understand and to interpret candidates’ messages in particular way (Fridkin, Kenney and Gershon 2-44). Media analyses usually frame discussions in terms of who won or lost in the debates. In this regard, the analyses can improve or diminish the persuasion effect of presidential debates on voters. Concisely, the analyses and discussions by the media can improve the persuasion effect of the debates if they are framed around issues that are appealing to potential voters or the areas that the candidates had outstanding performance during the debates. The Social Media and Presidential Debates Social media sites such as Twitter and Facebook play an integral role in presidential debates. Prior to the debates, social media sites act as a campaign tool that enables candidates to create awareness about their qualifications and policy stance on various issues. This involves engaging the public in discussions concerning political issues and answering questions raised by voters about the candidates (Bosmol). In this regard, social media affects presidential debates in two ways. First, it can reduce the viewership of the debates. This is because candidates usually answer most of the questions raised by the public through their social media accounts before the debates take place. Thus, the public will have no incentive to spend 90 minutes to watch the debates. Second, social media campaigns enable candidates to win the support of undecided voters and to reinforce the loyalty of their existing supporters. Consequently, the debates have little or no influence on potential voters. Social media sites also support the debates by spreading the messages conveyed by the candidates in a variety of ways (University of South California). To begin with, social media sites such as YouTube enable voters to access live feeds of the debates. This enables people who have no access to TV to wa tch the debates as they occur. The persuasion effect of presidential debates is likely to improve if candidates’ messages reach a large audience. Unlike TV channels, social media sites save the videos of the debates, thereby enabling voters to watch them at their convenience. Additionally, social media sites enhance the participation of voters in the debates by allowing them to express their opinions and to send questions directly to the candidates. In this regard, the presidential debates are likely to become more relevant and attractive to voters who want their opinions to be taken into account by the candidates. Finally, the experience of the 2012 presidential election indicates that social media plays a fundamental role in determining the results of the debates (Bosmol). Most major TV channels such as CNN and Fox news incorporated feedback from social media sites in their computations of the candidates’ scores. In this case, a candidate with the largest following i n social media is likely to obtain a favorable rating, thereby being declared the winner in the debate. Social media sites also provide a forum through which voters discuss the messages of the candidates after the debates (Scott and Lavine 169-184). These discussions can reinforce the persuasion effect of presidential debates if the voters share the candidates’ messages with their colleagues without distorting them. However, misrepresentation of the candidates’ messages through the social media can reduce the influence of presidential debates. For example, incorrect interpretation of a candidates’ policy stance can lower his rating, thereby reducing the number of his supporters. Conclusion This paper examined the influence of presidential debates on voters. The findings indicate that presidential debates have changed the outcome of elections on a few occasions. However, most candidates win the elections despite losing in the debates. Instant feedback about the d ebates determines how voters interpret and understand candidates’ massages after the debates. Thus, they can improve or worsen the ability of presidential debates to influence the voting pattern. The social media supports the presidential debates by enabling more people to watch them and to express their opinions concerning the results. However, the increased use of social media as a campaign tool might reduce the importance of debates in future. Bosmol. Impact of Social Media on the Presidential Debate. Bosmal.com, 29 Oct. 2012. Web. Brancaccio, David. The History of Presidential Debates. Public Broadcasting Service, 24 Sep. 2004. Web. Campbell, James. The American Campaigns: USA Presidential Campaigns. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2008. Print. Dorning, Mike. Value of Debates. Portland Press Herald, 4 Oct. 2012. Web. Fridkin, Kim, Patrick Kenney and Sarah Gershon. Capturing the Power of a Campaign Event: The 2004 Presidential Debate in Tempe. Academic. Tempe: Arizona State Univer sity, 2005. Print. Kayla, Webley. How the Nixon-Kennedy Debate Changed the World. Time.com, 23 Sep. 2010. Web. Kraus, Sidney. Televised Presidential Debates and Public Policy. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2000. Print. Scott, Basinger and Howard Lavine. Ambivalence, Information, and Electoral Choice. American Political Science Review 9.1(2005): 169-184. Print. University of South California. Social Media and Debates. University of South California, 1 Oct. 2012. Web. William, Eveland and Dhavan Shah. The Impact of Individual and Interpersonal Factors on Precieved News Media Bias. Political Psychology 24.1 (2003): 101-117. Print.

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Oxygen cycle Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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